Finite Elements for Higher Order Steel–Concrete Composite Beams

This paper presents finite elements for a higher order steel–concrete composite beam model developed the analysis of bridge decks. The accounts slab–girder partial interaction, overall shear deformability, and shear-lag phenomenon in steel concrete components. theoretical derivation solving balance conditions, both weak strong form, is firstly addressed. Then, three different are proposed, which characterised by (i) linear interpolating functions, (ii) Hermitian polynomial (iii) respectively, derived from analytical solution expressed means exponential matrices. performance analysed terms convergence rate realistic beams with restraints loading conditions. Finally, efficiency shown comparing results obtained proposed those achieved refined 3D shell element model.